    
Kamut
 Kamut
© Denzil Green
Kamut is a trademark name owned by Kamut International, Ltd. To use it, growers have to sign a licence agreement to grow the grain following certain standards (organic, etc), and pay royalties. A product can't use the name Kamut prominently unless the flour in it is more than 50% Kamut.
Khorasan is a member of the grass and wheat family. The plant grows up to 130 cm tall.
The grains are hump shaped and looks somewhat like long grain brown rice. They are twice the size of wheat kernels.
Kamut is not as chewy as other wheat kernels when cooked. The usual description of "nutty" is hauled out, but actually the taste is pretty bland.
The leaves are also being used to make wheat grass juices.
Cooking Tips
Kamut takes longer to cook than brown rice.
To cook as a side grain, add 1 cup of khorsan (8 oz / 225g) to 3 cups of cold water (1 1/4 Imperial pints / 700 ml) or stock in a pot. Bring to a simmer and let simmer (don't let boil) for about 2 hours. When done, the grains should be tender, like rice, and separate easily. It will swell up a good deal as it absorbs the liquid.
The taste is bland, so it is best used in spicy dishes or to complement other ingredients with a lot of flavour.
Kamut will make a heavier loaf of bread if normal wheat is not added, though Kamut flour and spelt flour is a good combination.
Substitutes
Any other grain.
Nutrition
Per 125g (1 cup), cooked: 260 calories, 9g protein, 51.5g carbohydrate, 1.8mg iron, 4mg niacin, .3mg thiamine, .2mg riboflavin
Some people who are sensitive to gluten can tolerate the gluten in Kamut. You'll want to check with your physician to have allergy testing done before trying Kamut, if you are allergic to gluten.
Though still not a complete protein, Kamut is 30% higher in protein than normal wheat, so it is being marketed as a wonder grain.
Equivalents
1 cup uncooked = 8 oz = 225g
1 cup cooked = 4 oz = 125g
History
Khorasan originated in Egypt. Historical claims made for Kamut include that it was grown in Egypt 4,000 years ago.
The seeds were sent to America in 1949 by an American airman from Montana stationed in Portugal. He had been given or sold 35 kernels of the wheat that he was told that came from the pyramids in Egypt (another story says the person who passed it to the airman got it straight from a tomb near Dashare, Egypt.)
He sent them home to his dad who was a wheat farmer in Fort Benton, Montana. His dad planted them, 32 sprouted. Within 6 years, his dad had a harvest of 1,500 bushels of the grain. He showed the grain at the Chouteau County fair, branded as "King Tut's Wheat". He wasn't able to drum up any interest, though, so he sold it off as cattle feed. He tried again handing out samples at fairs in the early 1960s, but it still didn't catch on.
In 1977, a man named Bob Quinn and his father T. Mack Quinn managed to find a small amount of the grain remaining in a jar in Fort Benton. They built the seed stock back up to 90 pounds by 1980. Bob Quinn registered the name "Kamut" as a trademark name for the grain in 1988, and introduced it as a health food. He called it Kamut because he believed that was the Ancient Egyptian word for "wheat".
The first product made from Kamut was pasta. Bread made from Kamut first appeared in 1989. The first cereal and flour (sold separately as flour, as opposed to in bread) appeared in 1991.
By 1992, 5 million pounds (2.27 million kg) were being harvested in North America in Montana, Alberta and Saskatchewan. As of 2004, almost 50% of the grain is being exported in one form or another to Europe.
The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) recognized the grain in 1990. They called it "QK-77" at first. In directive 9180.60 (30 Dec 2003), the USDA decided to change all references to the grain as "Kamut" to the generic, un-trademarked name of "Khorasan", and to classify it as a spring wheat.
Research has shown that Khorasan / Kamut definitely belongs to the types of wheat that originated in the Middle East. It couldn't, however, really have been grain from the pyramids -- other attempts have been made to sprout 3,000 year old wheat kernels to no avail. It was probably instead just the very last of a strain that had somehow been kept alive somewhere in the Middle East. Scientists are now unable to locate any of it still growing native in the Middle East, perhaps because in the last half of the 1900s Middle East farmers marked their growing prosperity by switching from growing other grains (like Kamut) to growing actual wheat.
Language Notes
Pronounced "kah-moot".
Also called:  Khorasan Triticum Turanicum (Scientific Name) Khorasan (French)
Other entries for Grains
Amaranth, Barley, Buckwheat, Cereals, Corn, Farina, Flax, Kamut, Millet, Oats, Quinoa, Red River Cereal, Rice, Rye, Semolina, Sorghum, Spelt, Teff, Triticale, Wheat
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