Gravy

Gravy
As meat is cooked, juices run out of it. These juices contain fat and water as we all know, but they also carry minerals and vitamins such as A and B vitamins, some of which are the vitamins we can only get from meat (such as B 12). These all end up in the drippings which modern-day health thinking has us discard.

If you make Gravy or a sauce from the drippings, and skim the fat off, you may then be getting the best of both worlds. You get rid of the fat, which is what we see as "evil", but retain the other nutritional substances. (You will still lose the Vitamin A, however, as it is fat soluble and will stay with and in the fat being skimmed off, but you can get Vitamin A from many other sources.)

Gravy gets its colour and flavour from the drippings of the meat. The use of gravy browning liquid to add colour is now seen as primitive by many.

Instant flour is good for correcting Gravies at the last minute, as it dissolves easily. It usually comes in small, handy shaker containers.

Using flour to thicken gravy is now seen as old-fashioned, but in the north of England, approximately from Yorkshire up, and in Scotland, there is still a preference for rib-sticking gravies as thick and dark as possible thickened with flour.

Some people try thickening their gravy with a starch other than flour, such as cornstarch or arrowroot, but this can make the gravy seem gloopy and it won't have the consistency that most people expect.

Cooking Tips
A few minutes before the meat is finished roasting, retrieve some of the liquid fat from the pan, either with a spoon or a bulb baster. In a saucepan, cook an equal amount of the fat with an equal amount of flour -- the same as you would for Roux, but you are using the meat fat instead of butter. How much of this roux you make will depend on how much Gravy you are thinking of ending up with, and therefore how much liquid you will need to thicken. But make around two tablespoons more of this mixture than you think you will need: this will be used in case the Gravy turns out too thin and you have to thicken at the last minute. In the end, you should have used no more than 1 to 2 tbsp of flour for every cup (8 oz / 250 ml) of liquid in your Gravy, plus the extra "just in case bit".

When your Roux has cooked -- when the flour has lost its flour smell -- remove and set aside on a saucer your "just in case" amount. Now, add a bit of liquid to the roux in your saucepan -- either an alcohol such as wine or beer, or stock, or water from boiling vegetables. Whisk it until it is absorbed. Add a heftier amount of liquid, up to about half a cup, and whisk over a low heat for a few minutes until it is completely thickened. The longer you beat this paste, the smoother your Gravy is going to be, because the starch granules are breaking up.

At around now, take the meat out of the oven and out of the pan and let it sit, covered, Remember, roasted meat needs to rest for about 15 minutes anyway before being cut. Pour the drippings from the roasting pan into the saucepan. Then rinse the roasting pan with water, alcohol such as wine or beer, or stock. Swish the bottom of the roasting pan especially to get as much of the browned bits as you can as they have very rich flavours. Pour into the saucepan and mix it in well, whisking for a minute or two. Then add additional stock or water from boiling vegetables to make up the quantity of Gravy you want. Cook until thickened.

Don't use too much flour in your Gravy or it starts to mask the flavours. The amount of flavour you have to work with in Gravy is limited to the amount of drippings in the roasting pan. If the Gravy is too thick, add a bit more liquid. If it is too thin, this is harder to deal with. You can't dump flour or starch straight in, as it will lump. So, most cooks mix some flour or starch with water first, and then add this to the Gravy. But then the Gravy has to be cooked again, as the flour will taste raw, and this gets problematic if everything else is ready, and just waiting on you and the Gravy.

This, gentle reader, is where your "just in case" amount comes in: it can be added and it will quickly thicken the Gravy. The flour in it will not lump, and because the flour in it has been precooked, beyond time for thickening, you won't have to allow added time to cook the flour.

Storage
Freeze leftover Gravy in ice-cube trays. When frozen, pop out and into freezer bags. Whenever you need Gravy for a hot sandwich, to jazz up a leftover meal, etc, just pop a few cubes in the microwave for a few minutes.

Literature & Lore
"It may not be possible to get rare roast beef, but if you're willing to settle for well done, ask them to hold the sweetened library paste that passes for Gravy."

-- Marian Burros (New York Times restaurant critic)

"TO MAKE GRAVY WITHOUT MEAT: Slice three onions, and fry them brown in a little butter; add them to half a pint of water, and the same of beer, put in some peppercorns, salt, a little lemon-peel, three cloves, a little mace or Jamaica pepper, a spoonful of walnut pickle, and one of mushroom catsup, or soy and essence of anchovy a dessert-spoonful each, a small bunch of sweet herbs, and a quarter of a slice of bread toasted brown on both sides; simmer all together in a closely-covered sauce-pan for twenty minutes, then strain it for use, and when cold, take off the fat. It will taste exactly like a gravy made with meat."

-- Mrs Dalgairns (aka Catherine Emily Callbeck Dalgairns). The Practice of Cookery Adapted to the Business of Every-day Life. (8th edition). Edinburgh: Robert Cadell. 1840.

Language Notes
The Romans made a stew with meat juices and grains that they called "granatus". In French, this became "grané". A scribe in England made a mistake transcribing some material, not being able to properly distinguish whether someone before him had written an "n" or a "v", and so transcribed "grané" as "gravé", later "gravey" with the "y" added as a pronunciation guide, and later, "Gravy". And thus the English word and passion was born. Granés went on to die on the French culinary map, while Gravies went on to dominate the English one.

Also called: Sauce (French) Sugo (Italian)