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Graters
 Rotary Grater
© Denzil Green
With most, you press food against the grate and drag it back and forth, to cut the food into very fine pieces. Food put through a grater is referred to both as "grated" or "shredded".
What you are grating has to be relatively hard. You can't grate soft things -- for instance, you can't grate cream cheese.
Some Graters are hand-helds, some are crank type ones. Some Graters are just flat or slightly-round one-sided surfaces with a handle on one end; others are stand-up box-type Graters that offer different grades of coarseness on each side.
The grating surface can be made of metal or plastic.
 Flat Hand Held Graters
© Denzil Green
Box Graters allow you to use your arm and downward momentum to lessen the work, but a lot of the food tends to get stuck in the teeth, and they can be very hard to clean.
Rotary Graters are popular for items such as chocolate and cheese. Older-style models of the rotary Graters were devices on three legs, raising the device above the work surface. You put the food in a "bowl" in the Grater, pressed down on it with a "lid", and turned a handle on top, which caused a grating disk underneath the food to turn and grate the food. The food fell out underneath.
Newer-style ones have a drum on a relatively long handle. Above the drum, there's a square basin that you put food in. You fold the handle down, so that the part of it above the basin starts to press on the food. You hold the handle with one hand, pressing harder as needed to force the food further down, and while doing that, there's another handle that you turn that spins the drum. The drum is the Grater. The grated food falls out to one side. Many come with interchangeable drums for different grating sizes.
It can be very tedious to grate a large amount of something with any hand-operate type of Grater. Many people will just automatically reach for a food processor or electric food mill instead.
Some say that electric Graters of any kind aren't worth the trouble, given the amount of clean-up involved, and the storage space required. When pressed, however, they are usually willing to admit that they can be useful for those with arthritic hands, or for when you need to grate enough cheese to feed the trains arriving from Eastern Europe. Those who are fans of electrical methods of grating say that provided you have something whose bits can all go in the dishwasher, it's not a lot of bother, and speeds up one of the more boring and thankless tasks in the kitchen -- when's the last time anyone ever commented on the quality of the grating?
Some people can't bring themselves to buy the bags of already-grated cheese in the supermarkets. Besides the costs, they think it's just a step too far in the direction of laziness, and the question the quality of the cheese used.
Cooking Tips
Rinse Graters right after using them, even if you don't have time to fully clean them on the spot. If stuff dries on them, they are much harder to clean.
History
Tin Graters date back to the early 1800s.
Also called:  Râpes (French)
Other entries for Graters
Citrus Zester, Ginger Graters, Microplane Zester, Nutmeg Graters
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