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Beurre Manié
Beurre Manié is like Roux in that it is an equal mixture of just flour and butter. Roux, however, is cooked before using, and Beurre Manié is not. Both are used to thicken sauces.
Beurre Manié can be extremely useful in the kitchen, as it can perform last-minute rescues of sauces and gravies that are too thin. Why Beurre Manié works to thicken already-cooked sauces without making them lumpy is that the flour molecules, which would normally clump together in a hot liquid, are kept apart by the fat in the butter.
It's a shame that an English name hasn't evolved for Beurre Manié, though: with its fancy French name no one will know how to pronounce it let alone remember that it exists.
Cooking Tips
To make Beurre Manié, knead together equal amounts of flour and butter. Some sources, such as Larousse, suggest a 3 part / 4 part ratio, e.g. 75g butter to 100g flour.
It can be stored well-wrapped in the fridge for several weeks.
To use, whisk it at the last minute into a sauce that is too thin. Don't let the sauce cook for any more than a minute or two -- beyond that, the starchy taste of the flour will start to come out, and then you will have to cook it a lot longer, up to 30 minutes, to get rid of that starchy taste, as you would with a Roux.
Literature & Lore
"Beurre Manié" means "kneaded butter" in French.
Also called:  Kneaded Butter Mehlbutter (German)
See Also
Roux
Other entries for Beurre Manié
Beurre Manié
Other entries for Roux
Blond Roux, Brown Roux, Roux, White Roux
Other entries for Thickeners
Alginic Acid, Arrowroot, Carrageen, Cassava Flour, Clear Jel, Gelatin, Genugel, Guar Gum, Lecithin, Locust Bean Gum, Lotus Root Flour, Marshmallow Powder, Panade, Pectin, Tapioca, Xanthan Gum
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