Beet

Beet
Beets are a root vegetable whose tubers are round with a high sugar content. I have refrained from saying "red", even though all Beets are red. Or rather, all Beets were red: now there are varieties that are white, yellow and even striped, such as the new Chiogga Beet. Sugar Beets, which are grown for their high sugar content (8%) to be made into sugar, are white and not really round at all: they are more tapered, like a Parsnip.

The smaller the root of the Beet, the more tender and sweet it will be.

Beet Greens
The leaves of Beets are also eaten (the young, tender ones have better flavour). In fact, where you are will in part determine which part of the Beet you prize more. In the Southern US, the greens are the more esteemed part; in the northern US and up into Canada, "Beet" means the root.

Sometimes Beets are sold with the greens on, sometimes the leaves are taken off and sold separately. When buying the Beet tops for use, they should look like greens you want to eat: fresh and dark green with no wilting.

Beetroot
In the UK, the word "Beetroot" is used to distinguish the root part of the vegetable from the green, leafy tops. This is a useful distinction.

Cooking Tips
The roots of Beets are generally boiled, but they are equally good steamed or microwaved, and some say their earthy flavour is even better when they are roasted. However you cook them, it is generally considered better to cook them with the skin on, to preserve flavour and colour -- they peel quite easily when cooled. Beets that are peeled before boiling will have their colour fade. Scrub lightly first to remove any sand and dirt. Very small Beets will need about 30 minutes of boiling; larger Beets will need about 45 minutes.

Roasting Beets brings out the sweetness of them, and may be a way of tempting those people who have been turned off by boiled Beets. (Allow 1 1/2 hours for large Beets; about an hour for smaller ones.)

When cooking the Beet Greens, cook as you would Spinach.

Dill weed complements Beets nicely, as does citrus (the sourness helps to cut through the sweetness).

Substitutes
For the leaves, substitute Spinach or Chard. Canned Beets can be used without worry as a substitute for fresh ones.

Equivalents
5 small (2 1/2 inch / 6 cm) Beets = 3 medium Beets = 1 pound (450g) = 2 cups chopped = 2 1/2 cups cooked = 1 16 oz (475 ml) can
1 pound (450g) Beet Greens = 8 oz (225g) leaves (trimmed of stalk) = 1 1/2 cups cooked
1 cup cooked Beet Greens = 145g = 5 oz

Storage
Remove any leaves and leave only an inch or two (2.5 to 5 cm) of the stalk on. Don't trim the root, or wash. Store in plastic bag in refrigerator for up to 1 week.

If your Beets came with their leaves and you plan to use them, wash and dry them and store in plastic bag for up to 3 days in refrigerator.

History
Beets were first domesticated for their leaves. We now use the word "Chard" to describe Beets that have massive leaves but almost no root. Fourth century AD Greeks wrote of red, light-green and dark-green Chard. It is not certain when the roots were first used as food. Though some Romans wrote of cooking the roots of some wild Beets, in Greek and Roman times the roots were hard and of little use. They used the leaves as food, and the scrawny roots for medicine. (There is however, a beetroot recipe attributed to Varro entitled "Aliter Betacios Varronis".)

The Beet root shaped as we know it was first described in the mid 1500s by a German writer, and it apparently was a genetic mutation that had come about in Italy. It grew more in popularity in Europe than in Britain at first. Until the 1500s, the root had always been discarded; the Beet was just grown for its leaves, like Spinach or Chard is now.

The process of deriving sugar from Beets was developed at the end of the 1700s by a man named François Achard. Parmentier, the man who helped to popularize potatoes in France, was plumping for making sugar from chestnuts, but Napoleon opted to pursue & subsidize the Sugar Beet path.

Also called: Beta vulgaris var conditiva (Scientific Name) Betterave (French) Barbabietole (Italian) Betabeles (Spanish) Beta, Betaciorum, Betacios (Roman)